Doing business in the US could be quite different from the way it is done in your home country. The greetings, dress codes, and schedules may vary from what you are habituated to. Here are some proper approaches to conduct business in a proper way in the US: Business Dressing Every individual company sets certain standards for business outfits. Usually, as a general rule, most of the large companies and organizations require a more formal dress. Most companies have a formal dress code for their particular business. Some companies may supply uniforms for some, or all of their employees. You could check with your employer whether they have any policy on dress code and what they feel is the most appropriate outfit for your position. If you choose to wear jewelry, it should be minimum and compliment your outfit. Large, flashy jewelry is usually not appropriate for a business environment. Business hours The normal business hours are Monday through Friday, 8.30 or 9.00 a.m. to 5 or 6 pm, with a 30 to 60 minute lunch break. Punctuality Being on time is a very important rule of business etiquette. Every effort should be made to arrive on time to any scheduled meetings or appointments. If you would be late for an appointment, then a call should be made announcing the expected delay. On the other hand regularly arriving late or missing appointments would have a negative impact on your business. Greetings & Introductions It is customary for business meeting with people from outside your company to begin and end with a firm handshake. Eye contact should be maintained during the handshake and whenever someone is speaking to you. During introductions, listen carefully to the pronunciation of the persons name so that you could address properly. While introducing yourself, give your full name not just the first name. You could take help of others in your company to find out when it would be appropriate to address someone by their first name only, or whether they should be addressed in a more formal manner (i.e. Mr. Robin). Avoid using nicknames until the person permits you to do so. The appropriate way of addressing someone may depend partly on his or her position in the company. For instance, it could be acceptable if you address your coworkers by their first name but not the senior officers of the company. This is a bird's eye view of the US business culture to help you assist you for your first visit. Your employers and coworkers could be of great help for you to adjust and make your work experience enjoyable and successful.

Anglų kalba  Straipsniai   (5,02 kB)

More and more people are beginning to open new business ventures (sumanymas). It seems like it is becoming the popular move. By opening a business there could be big profit(nauda)to be made, depending(atsizvelgiant) on the market. On the other hand, there are risks(rizika). It is said that there are two reasons why people start a business. The first reason is because they have inspiration(ikvepimas) for what they believe would be a great idea and the second is from desperation(neviltis).. There are various different ways to start a business. Not all entrepreneurs(verslininkai) begin their business by the thought of an idea. There are many other ways to go about starting a business. Buying a franchise, buying an existing company, the inventions of a product are all other ways to begin a business. People often start a business in a field that they know well. Although this is true, it is important not to limit the perspectives(perspektyva) of the kind of business to open. The areas outside of your interests may just be the right opportunity(galimybe) for you, which is why it is important to explore(istirti)other areas. This paper will talk about the general ways in which to start a new business and how to go about doing it. Included will be how to get ideas to open a business, planning out the business structure, ways to get money to start the business, getting prepared(pasiruosimas), hiring(samda the staff, and getting the word out to the public. Getting ideas to Open a Business the business idea plays a critical role in the overall(apskritai) success of the business venture chosen.. There are many considerations(pamastymu) that must be thought of before determine(nulemti) the success of an enterprise, including the entrepreneur, financing and other external forces. In order to have a good business idea it should:  satisfy personal goals and interests, (patenkinti personalo tikslus ir..)  find a success place in the market,  making sure it is possible to produce the necessary quality of the product or service,  Meet or exceed your financial goals.(atitikti ar virsyti ) In order to meet all of these criteria, it is important to complete research(uzbaigti nagrinejima) on the business idea that has been chosen. Research information can be gathered(kauptas) from various different sources(saltiniu). Some of these sources being the library, looking at existing businesses, word of mouth, reading books, watching television, going to government departments, talking to university professors etc. If the research has not been completed then it more likely that the business will become a failure(bankrotas) Planning out the business structure The one basic question facing all new business owners is “what business structure is the best for me?”. There are three main types of business structures:  sole proprietorship, (private nuosavybe)  partnership,(kompanija partneryste)  corporation. All of these different structures are different and require(reikalauja) different things to make them work. The sole proprietorship is a business that has only one owner and for the purpose of his/her own profit, the partnership is a business which has two or more people and all of the workers work as co-owners(bendra nuosavybe), and the corporation is an artificial entry with obligations(netikras iejimas su isipareigojimais Ways to Get Money to Start the Business There are various different funds available for new business ventures to try and create more jobs. Entrepreneurs are more then welcome to come into economy. To get these funds the business plan has to be completed. The funds available are for many different types of people. There are special ones for immigrant entrepreneurs, women’s entrepreneurs, and young entrepreneurs. Loans(paskola) from the government are available in several different places. The loans from the Government are mostly interest free and unsecured(negarantuotas) loans. This, in comparison(palyginus) to a bank loan, is much better for the fact that there is no interest. If the only opportunity left is the bank then it is necessary to get a low interest loan. When there is the most common questions in starting a business is: “where do I start?”. The questioner below will help answer that question for new business people. This checklist (katakogas) will be the road map for starting a business. Most business owners should use this to make sure that everything is done before the opening of the store. Prepare a business plan. Prepare a marketing plan.

Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (6,5 kB)

Bulling at schools I’m going to speak about bullying at schools. Bulling at schools is on increase in this day and age. It’s the most awful problem in school. Bulling is a combination of direct behaviors such as teasing, taunting, threatening, hitting and stealing. This problem is very important because progressively more and more teenagers are involved in. In my opinion, children bully for a variety of reasons. I will mention some reasons. First and I think the most important reason is that students who bullies needs to show their powerful and in control. Students are teasing and taunting only for one reason, they need attention. Children who are the victims lay to heart it. Sometimes they feel sad, scared, shameful or disappointed. Therefore they close up and are afraid of communicating with other. Other very important reason for bulling is that children have no role model at home. I think that if child’s parents bully at home, child bully at school. Parents didn’t educate their child so the child has no rule. One more reason is that parents bully with the children at home and then the child breakthrough his aggression at school. Those bulling children are not bad persons, they just don’t think about how they would feel if somebody bullied them. I think that everything we can change if we have enough wish and if we will be enough strong. All in all I can say that teachers can stop bulling if they talk with bullies and explore their problems.

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Mammograms What you can expect after the mammogram: 1) The radiologist may explain your results at the time of mammogram/ ultrasound (If this is not offered, you can request it, but often you may need to schedule a consultation.) 2) The detailed report of the findings is usually sent directly to your primary or referring physician. If you want it, you may have a copy of this report. Ask the doctor who received it. 3) You will also receive a brief report by mail of the radiologist’s findings and recommendations for needed follow-up. (This report is mandated by law.) Some possible recommendations by the radiologist or primary doctor if there is a suspicious area or lump found on the mammogram: 1) Wait 3-6 months and have another mammogram to see if there are any changes 2) Referral for ultrasound which will show whether a cyst is fluid-filled or solid 3) Referral to surgeon for biopsy. (At some mammography centers the mammogram and the biopsy may be done on the same day. It depends on the capability of the particular center.) 4) Referral for a ductogram (For this procedure, the radiologist takes a very fine plastic catheter and with a magnifying glass, threads it into the duct, squirts dye into it, and takes a picture. A ductogram provides a map for the surgeon to use for a biopsy and may also show the source of your breast discharge, if you had discharge.) Possible questions to ask/things to advocate for: 1) If you have a palpable lump, the mammographer should put a marker on your breast to make sure the lump is identifiable on the film. 2) If you have calcifications, a magnification view is often taken. Sometimes this step is skipped and you are sent directly for a biopsy. (You should ask why, if this is the case, especially if surgical biopsy is recommended.) 3) If referred for biopsy, consider a second opinion of the mammogram at another center. (For some people a center that specializes in mammography is a better option.) Take your original mammography films with you. 4) How much time do I have to make a decision about what to do next? 5) Ask how many mammograms the radiologist reads in a year. The accuracy of the reading varies depending in part on the number of mammograms someone reads. 6) Check for the FDA/National Mammography Quality Assurance Advisory Committee certification. It should be posted in the center. Biopsies If you need to have a biopsy, there are several types you could have. The type of biopsy depends in part on whether the lump is palpable (you can feel it) or not. If the lump can only be seen on a mammogram, it can be approached by a stereotactic fine-needle biopsy, stereotactic core biopsy, mammotome, or wire localization biopsy (see below for descriptions). These procedures use the mammogram or ultrasound to locate the lump before sampling it. If the lump is palpable, then it can also be tested with fine-needle aspiration or a core biopsy. Finally, the lump can be removed entirely with an excisional biopsy or a piece of it can be removed with an incisional biopsy.

Anglų kalba  Referatai   (49,29 kB)

Bikes I will tell you a story which i called –bikes. Actually I don’t remember my first bike but I will try to recreate my memories about it. As I remember it was green collored with pink wings. It was present from my good neighbour friend .She presented that bike to me because she bought new one and that old one she didn’t want to through away. Now I remember clearly how I was riding with that bike and my mother was holding me behind it. The first time was enough hard because I could not to concentrate me attention but day after day I was learning to do it well and finally I learnt. Ride bicycle was very funny . I remember when my friends bought bikes too then we were riding through the all city until midnight, without any lights or helmets . I know that it was dangerous, but I was cool. And every day the same. That bike was my casuality. I remember that once we were riding and we were in very good mood , we were screaming something like cannibals or crazy people. Next time we were screaming like that – Hey young lady Danguole which lives in Salomeja 51, where are you going? I don’t ride bike so often as I used to. Maybe the reason is that I don’t have so much time. But I have extra case that I am riding when my best friend comes to me then we take our ancient grandmothers bikes and after that we are going to scare people. I can describe how looks my bike like. It is yellow, with big wheels, extra seat on the back and with breaks which don’t work. My mum calls that bike – The masculine bike. It looks really terrible. And when I am cycling with that beauty ( rasyti kabutese) through the city that moments are very funny when people pay attention on you because you made them laugh of your bike appearance … So… That was the story about two bikes which weren’t my own, but with them I was riding mostly.

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More and more often in the newspapers, magazines or in the TV show we can hear one relevant problem-teenager life’s difficulties and abilities. There are people who think that the best period of human’s life is he’s youth, but youngsters don’t think so. So is it difficult to be a teenager? There a lot of positive aspects in teenager life, but nowadays this life appear to be more and more difficult. First bad thing is that our ambience is full of temptations: drugs, alcohol, tobacco, wicked friends. All these components mould teenager’s character and lifestyle. If he picks up bad option his life will be damaged. Youngsters have to be a person with plenty of guts. Second bad aspect is increasingly rising charge of schoolwork. Of course if young person wants to sew up in the future, he should learn a lot. But sometimes it is impossible. Every teacher forces us to know his subject the best. For our possibility sometimes it is really too hard to do. Thirdly our parents pressurize us. They do that to wish for us good luck in the future, but sometimes they don’t realize that they do overdeveloped pressure. These aspects made our life more difficult. I can’t say that the worst period is in our youth, of course it is not, but this period for our young mind and heart, without life experience, is really hard.

Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (2,74 kB)

Reasons for automation 1.high cost of labour in industrialized (and not only) societies skilled labor cost have been constantly increasing. 2.increased productivity Higher production output per hour of labour input is possible with automation than with manual operations. 3.competition The ultimate goal of a company is to increase profits. However, there are other measures that are harder to measure. Automation may result in lower prices, superior products, better labour relations, and a better company image. 5.safety Automation allows the employee to assume a supervisory role instead of being directly involved in the manufacturing task. For example, die-casting is hot and dangerous and the work pieces are often very heavy. Welding, spray painting and other operations can be a health hazard. Machines can also do these jobs more precisely and achieve better quality products. 6.reducing manufacturing lead time Automation allows the manufacturer to respond quickly to the consumer needs. Second, flexible automation also allows companies to handle frequent design modifications. Automation is also allowing organizations to move from the traditional “mass production model” to mass customisation. The traditional model of mass production involves hierarchical control. Workers repeat defined repetitious tasks under close supervision. Such a mass production model is best applied to low-cost, standardized products. Mass customisation is a model for low-cost, high-quality, customized products. It requires flexibility and quick responsiveness. People, resources ant technology are continuously reconfigured to give the customer exactly what he/she wants. The control is decentralized and managers coordinate independent, capable individuals. 7.lower costs In addition to cutting labour costs, automation may decrease the scrap rate and thus reduce the cost of raw materials. It also enables just in time manufacturing which in turn allows the manufacturer to reduce the in-process inventory. It is possible to improve the quality of the product at lower cost. Reasons for not automating 1.labour resistance People look at robots and manufacturing automation as a cause of unemployment. In reality, the use of robots increases productivity, makes the firm more competitive and preserves jobs. But some jobs are lost. On the other hand, the real cause of layoffs today is not automation or the migration of jobs because of cheap labour elsewhere. The top layoffs can be attributed mainly to competition, mergers, and government spending cuts. 2. Cost of upgraded labour the routine monotonous tasks are the easiest to automate. The tasks that are difficult to automate are ones that require skill. Thus manufacturing labour must be upgraded. 3. Initial investment cash flow considerations may make an investment in automation difficult even it the estimated rate of return is high. Higher output and increased productivity have been two of the biggest reasons in justifying the use of automation. …

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Abraham Lincoln Born on February 12, 1809 in Hardin County, Kentucky In 1842, he married Mary Todd a women from Lexington, Kentucky In 1847, Lincoln was elected to the House of Representatives In 1856, he went to the ran against Stephen A. Douglas in a losing effort to get to the U.S Senate as a Republican In 1860, he ran for President against Stephen Douglas and won the election John Wilkes Booth Born May, 10 1838 in Bel Air, Maryland--a Southern city Began interest in theatrics in 1855 at the Charles Street Theater in Baltimore Booth became a common actor at the theater In September 1858 Booth moved to Richmond, Virginia to act at the Marshall Theater At Richmond, Booth became accustomed and sympathized to the southern politics Booth never joined the Confederate army but did smuggle medical supplies from the North during the Civil War The Plot: Summer 1864 Booth developed plans to give the Confederates an advantage in the war Planned to kidnap Lincoln with a group of friends Wanted to hold Lincoln for ransom to free Confederates Co-conspirators included Samuel Arnold, Michael O’Laughlen, John Surratt, Lewis Powell, George Atzerodt and David Harold with the help of Dr. Samuel Mudd Booth would use John Surratt’s wife Mary Surratt’s boarding house to hold his meetings about his plans

Anglų kalba  Pateiktys   (948,97 kB)

Certainly an Englishman, it was more doubtful whether Phileas Fogg was a Londoner. He was never seen on 'Change, nor at the Bank, nor in the counting-rooms of the "City"; no ships ever came into London docks of which he was the owner; he had no public employment; he had never been entered at any of the Inns of Court, either at the Temple, or Lincoln's Inn, or Gray's Inn; nor had his voice ever resounded in the Court of Chancery, or in the Exchequer, or the Queen's Bench, or the Ecclesiastical Courts. He certainly was not a manufacturer; nor was he a merchant or a gentleman farmer. His name was strange to the scientific and learned societies, and he never was known to take part in the sage deliberations of the Royal Institution or the London Institution, the Artisan's Association, or the Institution of Arts and Sciences. He belonged, in fact, to none of the numerous societies which swarm in the English capital, from the Harmonic to that of the Entomologists, founded mainly for the purpose of abolishing pernicious insects. Phileas Fogg was a member of the Reform, and that was all. The way in which he got admission to this exclusive club was simple enough. He was recommended by the Barings, with whom he had an open credit. His cheques were regularly paid at sight from his account current, which was always flush. Was Phileas Fogg rich? Undoubtedly. But those who knew him best could not imagine how he had made his fortune, and Mr. Fogg was the last person to whom to apply for the information. He was not lavish, nor, on the contrary, avaricious; for, whenever he knew that money was needed for a noble, useful, or benevolent purpose, he supplied it quietly and sometimes anonymously. He was, in short, the least communicative of men. He talked very little, and seemed all the more mysterious for his taciturn manner. His daily habits were quite open to observation; but whatever he did was so exactly the same thing that he had always done before, that the wits of the curious were fairly puzzled. Had he travelled? It was likely, for no one seemed to know the world more familiarly; there was no spot so secluded that he did not appear to have an intimate acquaintance with it. He often corrected, with a few clear words, the thousand conjectures advanced by members of the club as to lost and unheard-of travellers, pointing out the true probabilities, and seeming as if gifted with a sort of second sight, so often did events justify his predictions. He must have travelled everywhere, at least in the spirit. It was at least certain that Phileas Fogg had not absented himself from London for many years. Those who were honoured by a better acquaintance with him than the rest, declared that nobody could pretend to have ever seen him anywhere else. His sole pastimes were reading the papers and playing whist. He often won at this game, which, as a silent one, harmonised with his nature; but his winnings never went into his purse, being reserved as a fund for his charities. Mr. Fogg played, not to win, but for the sake of playing. The game was in his eyes a contest, a struggle with a difficulty, yet a motionless, unwearying struggle, congenial to his tastes. Phileas Fogg was not known to have either wife or children, which may happen to the most honest people; either relatives or near friends, which is certainly more unusual. He lived alone in his house in Saville Row, whither none penetrated. A single domestic sufficed to serve him. He breakfasted and dined at the club, at hours mathematically fixed, in the same room, at the same table, never taking his meals with other members, much less bringing a guest with him; and went home at exactly midnight, only to retire at once to bed. He never used the cosy chambers which the Reform provides for its favoured members. He passed ten hours out of the twenty-four in Saville Row, either in sleeping or making his toilet. When he chose to take a walk it was with a regular step in the entrance hall with its mosaic flooring, or in the circular gallery with its dome supported by twenty red porphyry Ionic columns, and illumined by blue painted windows. When he breakfasted or dined all the resources of the clubits kitchens and pantries, its buttery and dairyaided to crowd his table with their most succulent stores; he was served by the gravest waiters, in dress coats, and shoes with swan-skin soles, who proffered the viands in special porcelain, and on the finest linen; club decanters, of a lost mould, contained his sherry, his port, and his cinnamon-spiced claret; while his beverages were refreshingly cooled with ice, brought at great cost from the American lakes.

Anglų kalba  Pagalbinė medžiaga   (170,81 kB)

DUTIES: making agreements, such as work agreements, loan agreements, supplying agreements (with a physical person and a juridical person), warrant letters concerning work activities, registration of work agreements in a Work Agreements Journal, working as a representative of the company in making distributing contracts in Lithuania, and other small deals; management of staff of the company; working as a representative of the company in courts (preparation of civil actions, claims, suits as well as retorts for courts and plaintiffs and taking part in the investigation of civil cases) and other legal institutions of Lithuania; forming a legal base of the company (accumulating of juridical literature); Also, I have an experience in establishing and eliminating of companies. 2. POST: lawyer, May 1999 - October 2001. A private firm the main activity of which is wholesale in cosmetics, personal hygiene means, babies diapers and other products of paper. DUTIES: making agreements, such as work agreements, loan agreements, supplying agreements (with a physical person and a juridical person), warrant letters concerning work activities, registration of work agreements in a Work Agreements Journal, working as a representative of the firm in making distributing contracts in Lithuania, and other small deals. 3. POST: administrator, June 1999 - October 2000. A company the main activity of which is rent of premises and wholesale in foodstuffs. DUTIES: a) typical office work - keeping up documentation, typing orders, making work agreements, correspondence with other institutions (initiative, receiving and responding notes), recording the minutes, warrant letters and other notes concerning work relations. b) communication with foreign suppliers in Poland, Latvia, Finland, Sweden; ordering goods, searching for transport and its ordering, credit of imported goods, making price lists and other activities concerning trade. From May 1998 to June 1998 and from November 1998 to February 1999 I did practical work on accounting in the commercial bank “Hansa bankas”. SPECIAL SKILLS 1. Computer skills: NC, MS Excel versions 6,7, MS Windows versions 3,5, MS Word versions 6,7, the special accounting program “Rivilė”, MS Word Perfect version 6.0, Multi Edit, PC Tools, Pager Maker, and others. 2. Work experience with a fax-modem, a fax and copying machines. 3. English and Russian. 4. Juridical knowledge. 5. Good typewriting. 6. Valid driver’s license. MY STRONG PECULIARITIES: 1. A wish to improve myself. 2. A will to make a career. 3. Deep knowledge of work, civil and criminal code, economic law, notaries and constitutional law as well as legal, standard bills. 4. Work experience. A short summary of the reasons why l am inquiring about a vacant work place in Your company: 1. A desire to broaden my outlook and deepen my knowledge. 2. An opportunity to make a career. 3. A wish to get an attractive salary which meet with my qualification and good conditions of work. 4. Communicating with new people. Thank You for Your attention. If You have got interested in my application, please contact me.

Anglų kalba  Pagalbinė medžiaga   (5,16 kB)

In our world are a lot of animals. Some of them live their usual life. Others are threatened of extinction. They live only in theirs specific areas. Some of them are just on extinction, but there are a lot of which number of population is really small. Animals which are on extinction are the following: stoats (šermuonėlis), seals (ruonis), white hares (baltasis kiškis), black storks and grass snakes. They are threatening of extinction because of some reasons. First and the most important reason is that these animals haven’t got fitted to them residence. They live in uninhabitable areas. They haven’t got specific food, and they can’t adapt to alterable living conditions. Second reason why there are endangered animals is that man's mastery over his environment is really huge. First here are a lot of factories and companies which are polluting air and water. Second there are cutting down forests on a mass scale. One more human’s harm is that hunters are hunting some animals for their fur, skin or bones. Animals are vanishing apace, and if we don’t take measures animals will disappear and it is unstoppable. So what should we done? First I think we have to try to reduce air and water pollution. We have to try to live cleanly. We ought to stop littering and using chemicals. Second way how to protect these vanishing animals is to transpose them to the zoo or into their specific and fitted areas. In these areas they can live their normal lives. To sum up I want to say that all of us have to understand that if these animals will disappear we can’t restore them.

Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (3,04 kB)

PRESENT SIMPLE PRESENT CONTINOUS PAST SIMPLE PAST CONTINOUS SUDARYMAS Veiksmažodžio 1 forma Veiksmažodžio be forma ir veiksmažodis su galūne -ing Veiksmažodžio 2 forma arba veiksmažodis su –ed galūne Was/Were ir veiksmažodis su galūne -ing Pvz. Teigiamam sakiny; I play; You play; He plays; I am playing; You are playing; He is playing; I/You/he/etc walked I was studying; You were studying; He was studying. Neigiamam sakiny; I/You don‘t play; he doesn‘t play I am not playing; You are not playing; He is not playing; I/You/he/etc did not walk I wasn‘t studying; You weren‘t studying; He wasn‘t studying. Klausime; Do I/You play? Does he play? Am I playing? Are You playing? Is he playing? Did I/You/he/etc walk? Was I studying? Were you studying? Was he studying? NAUDOJIMAS • Kasdienei rutinai; (I catch the bus to work at 7 o‘clock every day ) • Pasikartojantiems veiksmams (he cleans the house every week ) • Įpročiams, pomėgiams (She usually stays at home on Sundays) • Pastoviai būsenai (He works in a bank) • Dieneotvarkei, tvarkaraščiams (The train leaves at 7 o‘clock) • Bendros, neginčijamos tiesos, gamtos dėsniai (water boils to 100C degrees) • Sporto, knygos komentarams, peržiūrai, pasakojimui. • Veiksmui, kuris vyksta dabar, tuo metu kai kalbama. (She is talking on the phone now) • Veiksmui, kuris vyksta šiomis dienomis (Peter is staying at his friend‘s these days) • Netolimoje ateityje suplanuotiems veiksmams; (I am flying to Paris tomorrow) • Situacijoms, kurios nėra pastovios ir keičiasi; (The climate is becoming warmer and warmer) • Per dažnai pasikartojantiems veiksmams, kurie erzina. Su žodeliais allways, constantly, continuously. (She is always talking in the lessons) • Veiksmui, kuris vyko nustatytu laiku praeityje. (Bob bought a car last month) • Veiksmams, kurie įvyko vienas po kito praeityje. (First he took a shower and then he went to bed.) • Praeities įpročiams Tam galima naudoti ir used to. (My grandmother read/used to read me bedtime stories when I was little) • Veiksmui, kuris vyko žinomu laiku praeityje. Mes nežinome kada jis prasidėjo ir kada baigėsi. (At eight o‘clock yesterday evening Tom and Mark were doing their homework) • Praeities veiksmui, kuris vyko kai kitas veiksmas jį pertraukė. Veiksmui, kuris vyko naudojame Past Continous, o veiksmui, kuris pertraukė- Past Simple. (He was exercising when he felt a sharp pain in his lower back) • Dviems ar daugiau veiksmų, kurie vyko tuo pačiu metu praeityje. (sarah was watching TV while I was reading a novel) • Suteikti pasakojimui „foną“, prieš aprašant pagrindinius faktus. (The band was playing and the people were singing and dancing when we arrived in the concert.) ŽODELIAI Every; at noon; at night; always; usually; often; sometimes; seldom; never. Now; at the moment; at present; these days; tomorrow; today; tonight; etc. Yesterday; yesterday morning/evening/etc. last; ago, in 1984. While; when; as; all day/night/morning; all day yesterday; etc. PRESENT PERFECT PRESENT PERFECT CONTINOUS PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT CONTINOUS SUDARYMAS Have ir veiksmažodžio 3 forma arba veiksmažodis su galūne -ed Have/has been ir veiksmažodis su galūne -ing Had ir veiksmažodžio 3 forma, arba veiksmažodis su –ed galūne. Had been ir veiksmažodis su –ing galūne. Pvz. Teigiamam sakiny; I/you have booked; He has booked; I/You have been cycling; He has been cycling. I/You/had started I/You/he had been listening. Neigiamam sakiny; I/you haven‘t booked; He hasn‘t book. I/You haven‘t been cycling; He hasn‘t been cycling. I/You/he hadn‘t started I/You/he hadn‘t been listening. Klausime; Have I/you booked? Has he booked? Have I/You been cycling? Has he been cycling? Etc. Had I/You/he started? Had I/You/he been listening? NAUDOJIMAS • Veiksmams, kurie prasidėjo praeityje, ir tęsiasi dabar. (I have been techer for five years) • Praeities veiksmams, kurių rezultatus matome dabartyje.(He has washed his car) • Veiksmams, kurie įvyko praeityje, nenustatytu laiku. Veiksmas yra svarbesnis už laiką. (she has sold her house) • Petyrimams (have you ever slept in a tent?) • Veiksmams, kurie vyko tam tikru laiko periodu ir šis periodas dar nėra pasibaigęs tuo metu kai kalbama. (He has visited three museumsthis morning. Morning is not over yet.) • Veiksmams, kurie prasidėjo, kurįlaiką tęsėsi ir baigėsi praeityje. Rezultatas matomas dabartyje. (They have been sunbathing) • Veiksmams, kurie prasidėjo praeityje ir tęsiasi dar ir šiuo metu. (She has been cooking for two hours.) • Išreikšti pasipiktinimui, susierzinimui (Who has been using my computer?) • Veiksmui, kuris įvyko prieš kitą veiksmą praeityje. (She had painted the room by 5 o‘clock. (She finished painting before 5 o‘clock)) • Veiksmui, kuris įvyko prieš kitą būtąjį laiką. (She had booked a hotel before she arrived in Paris) • Veiksmui, kuris prasidėjo ir pasibaigė praeityje, ir rezultatas buvo matomas praeityje. (He had broken his arm, so he couldn‘t write) • Pabrėžti tąsą veiksmo, kuris prasidėjo ir pasibaigė praeityje.(She had been playing tennisfor ten years by the time she was eighteen.) • Pabrėžti tąsą veiksmo, kuris pasibaigė prieš kitą praeities veiksmą. (He had been studying for seven years before he got his degree.) • Veiksmui, kuris kurį laiką tęsėsi praeityje, ir jo rezultatas buvo matomas praeityje. (She was tired because she had been cleaning the house all day.) ŽODELIAI Ever, never, already, yet, just, so far, for, since, recently, lately, before. Ever, never, already yet, just, so far, for, since, recently, lately, before. Before; after; already;just; till/untill; when;by...; by the time; never; etc. For; since; how long; before; until; etc. FUTURE SIMPLE FUTURE CONTINOUS FUTURE PERFECT FUTURE PERFECT CONTINOUS BE GOING TO SUDARYMAS Will ir bendratis (be to) Will be (am, is, are) ir veiksmažodis su –ing galūne. Will have ir veiksmažodžio 3 forma arba veiksmažodis su –ed galūne. Will have been ir veiksmažodžio 3 forma arba veiksmažodis su galūne –ed. Be going to NAUDOJIMAS • Ateities spėjimams, kai remiamės tuo, ką manome ar ko tikimės. (I believe Bill will get a job) • „Greitiems sprendimams“. (We‘ve run out of milk. I will go to the supermarket and get some.) • Pažadams, grąsinimams, įspėjimams, reikalavimams, viltims, pasiūlimams. • Veiksmams, atsitikimams, situacijoms, kurios būtinai įvyks ateityje, ir kurių negalima kontroliuoti. (Ben will be five years old in August.) • Veiksmams, kurie vyks nustatytu laiku ateityje. (I am going to Spain. This time next week I will be lying in the sun.) • Veiksmams, kurie tikrai įvyks ateityje kaip rezultatas kokios nors rutinos arba pasirengimų. • Kai klausiama mandagiai apie netolimos ateities planus, dažniausiai siekiant sau naudos. (Will you be driving to the party tonight? Would you be able to give me a lift?) • Veiksmui, kuris bus pasibaigęs iki tam tikro ateities momento. (They will have arrived in London by 5 o‘clock) • Pabrėžti tąsą veiksmo, kuris tęsėsi iki tam tikro momento ateityje. (By June, he will have been teaching in this school for fifteen years) • Ketinimams, planams, ambicijoms ateičiai. (I am going to go to India one day.) • Veiksmams, kuriuos mes jau nusprendėme atlikti netolimoje ateityje. (Nicky is going to visit her friends in London next week.) • Sprendimams (spėjimams), kurie remiasi tuo, ką matome ar žinome, ypač kai yra įrodymai, kad kažkas tikrai nutiks. (There isn‘t a cloud in the sky. It is going to be a beautiful day.) ŽODELIAI Think, believe, probably, certainly, parhaps, expect... etc. Before; by; by then; by the time;until/till By ... for Tomorrow; the day after tomorrow; tonight; soon; next week/month/year/sommer/etc; in a week/month/etc.

Anglų kalba  Paruoštukės   (10,67 kB)

Relationship and communication We can communicate with other people in many different ways. We can talk, and, write,and we can send messages with our hands and faces.There is also the phone, the fax, and e-mail.Television, film, paiting, ans photography can also communicate ideas. Nowadays the best way of communication is to use the internet.I can communicate with my family mumbers and other people by the internet.This is the fastest way of communication. Many years ago people many countries and Indians of America used smoke signals.They made fires on the hills, when they wanted to tell something to other people. Blind people use Braille.They have thicks books and they touch them with their fingers. We have languages – about 6000 languages in fact. We can write poetry, tell jokes, make promises, explain, tell the truth, or tell lies. And we have a sense of past and future, not just present. Relationship, I believe is the biggest problem for all kind of people – starting with kids and finishing with older people.Especially this is a very important topic for young people as they usually have no life experience and sometimes make terrible mistakes that break their lives and psychology, affect their family members and friends. To my mind, relationship between children and their parents or teachers are the most problematic.Ans this lasts for ages/Yuong people including me, who always wont to show, to prove their position, can be completely wrong.We usually don”t want to listen to uor family and we like to say that our ganaration is completely different and that we are kings and queens. I don’t think that there’s a common rule how to make good friends. Life and our mistakes just simply teatches us all this. Plans and ambitios When I was just a little girl I usually dreamed obout becoming an actor. But the reason probably was films and film stars I believe that they stimulated my desire to become a hero in real life.Now I’m a student. Now I can’t see my future vision, because life’s ways are very different. It is really hard to imagine something real as I know that these days people usually graduate from university but do different jobs. The future will show everything. Everyone wants to become an extra important person – and have a go position starting with manager, dentist, politician and finishing being a president. I think that the power of money makes us do so despite we like this or don’t. I wont to know everything obout us – human beings, I want ti help others and at last I would like to leave all this world with a smole – I have done something good.

Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (7,14 kB)

Religios houses of retreas merge imperceptibly into disintoxication clinics and private mental homes for the victims of traffic light and nervous break-down. ‘Alcoholics Anonymous’ slink like house detectives around the literary cocktail parties. A most interesting phenomenon is the state of mind apparent in Time, Life, The New York, and similar magazines. Thus Life, with its enormous circulation, comes out with excellentry written leading articles on the death of tragedy in American literature or the meaning of suffering, and a closer acquaintance reveals them to be staffed by some of the most interesting and sensitive minds in that insensitivecity. It is easy to make fun of these three papers, but in fact they are not funny. Although they have very large circulations indeed, they only just miss being completely honourable and serious journals, in fact ‘highbrow’. The American organism is not quite healthy. It indicates how very nearly New York has achieved the ideal of a humanist society, where the best of which an artist is capable is desired by the greatest number. Thurber’s drawings, Hersey’s Hiroshima, the essays of Edmund Wilson or Mary McCarthy, Time’s anonymous reviews, show that occasionally the gap is closed; when it is closed permanenty the dreams of Santayana will be near fulfilment. But these anxiety-forming predicaments (Time-stomach is a common trouble) are for those who live in New York and have to earn they living. To the visiting non-competitive European all is unending delight. The shops, the bars, the women, the faces in the street, the excellent and innumerable restaurants, the glitter of Twenty-one, the old-world letharly of the Lafayette, the hazy view of the East River or Central Park over tea in some apartment at the magic hour when the concrete iceberg suddenly flare up; the impressionist pictures in one house, the exotic trees or bamboo furniture in another, the chick of ‘old-fashioneds’ with their little glass pestles. If Paris is the setting for a romance, New York is the perfect city in which to get over one, to get over anything. Here the lost douceur de vivre is forgotten and the intoxication of living takes its place. What is this intoxication? Firtly, health. The American diet is energy- producing. Health is not just the absence of disease, but a positive physical sensation. The European, his voice dropping a tone every day, finds himself growing stouter, balder, more extroverted and aggressive, conscious of a place in what is still, despite lip-service, a noisily masculine society. Then there is the sensation of belonging to a great nation in its present prosperous period of triumph. But, in addition to ‘feeling good,’ the Americans are actively generous and kind and it is this profusion of civilities which ravishes the visitor. What are the alternatives? We may stay on and coarsen–many English writers do-into shapely executives or Park Avenue brandy philosophrers; we can fight like Auden for privacy and isolation, or grow bitter and fitzrovian in the ‘Village atmosphere’-or we can try elsewhere. Cape Cod or Connecticut have their devotees, but these havens are the rewards of success, not its incubator. Boston, last stronghold of a leisured class, offers a select enlighternment of which a contemporary Englishman is just downright unworthy. Washington has immense charm, the streets of Georgetown with their ilexes and magnolias and little white box-house are like corners of Chelsea or Exeter, but a political nexus offers few resoyrces to the artist who is outside the administration, and the lovely surrounding, are not places in which he can hope to earn a living. Let us try California. The night place circles round La Guardia, leaves behind the icy water of the Sound and that sinister Stonehenge of economic man, the Rockefeller Center, to disappear over the Middle West. Vast rectangles of light occasionally indicate Chicago or some other well-planned city, till at six in the morning we ground in the snow of Omaha. As it grows light the snow-fields over the whole agricultural region of the Middle West grow more intricate, the Great Plais give way to the Bad Lands, poison ivy to poison oak, the sinuosities of the Platte rivers to the Hight Plais, the mountains of Wyoming, the Continental Divide. San Francisco is a city of charming people and hideous buildings, mostly erected after the earthquake in the style of 1910, with a large Chinatown in which everything is fake-except the the Chinese-with a tricky humid climate (though sunny in winter), and a maddening indecision in the vegetation-which can never decide if it belongs to the North or South and achieves a Bournemouth compromise. The site is fantastically beautiful, the orange bridge, the seven hills, the white houses, the waterside suburbs across the Golden Gate give it a lovely strangeness, the sunset view from the ‘Top of the Mark’ is unique-but the buildings lack all dignity and flavour. Yet San Francisco and its surroudings, Marin Country, Berkeley, Sauselito with its three climates, San Mateo where lemon and birch tree grow together, probably represent the most attractive all-the-year-round alternative to Europe which the worl can provide. There is some fog in winter, but generally it is sunny. The sea is there, the mountains and a bathing pool in the redwood forest. Hollywood and Los Angeles are well described by Isherwood. On the whole those who have loved the Mediterranean will not be reconciled here and those who care deeply for books can never settle down to the impermanent world of cinema. Those who do not love the cinema have no business to come. Well, maybe it does, perhaps Americans have destroyed their romantic wilderness on a grander scale than our own rodent attrition at the beauties of our countryside.

Anglų kalba  Referatai   (13,66 kB)

American English speaking without a lot of effort How To Learn American English Speaking Easily? Everyone learns to speak their native language. Is there some things that kids are missing when they are emerging? Dr. J. Marvin Brown says that “both adults and children can do it right, but only adults can do it wrong.” So why we can not use the same approach with a second language? Why we can’t learn American English speaking like children? Easily and without a lot of effort. In fact we can. There are a lot of researches which shows that adults can learn languages even more easily and fast. But here‘s the thing. We need forget all that we were learning in school. Because it is the most important reason why we can not speak American English at all. That’s the reason why we don’t understand anything when American people are talking to each other. Yes, we can read American and English newspapers, but this language is not the same. The people are not speaking that way. Their speech is different. If we want to understand native American speakers and speak with them, we must find the different way. In 1984, the American University Language Center in Bangkok started using a new approach to teach the Thai language. The method is known as “Automatic Language Growth”. The first mistake they noticed is that adults are trying to speak in new language to early. They don’t have enough exposure to language yet and they are struggling and feel uncomfortable. They are bringing patterns from their first language and later they are speaking with a strong accent. Children in the beginning are just listening to the new language. They starts to speak when they are prepared. That’s the big difference. The second mistake adults make is that they are thinking, that they must study grammar. That’s a huge mistake. A vital mistake. Children do not studying grammar and that’s the key. If we want to learn American English speaking we must learn speaking. Not grammar. Learning grammar does not make you fluent. You must train your ears and you must train your mouth. So how we can learn speaking without grammar. Simply. First of all we must listen. Every day one or two hours. The more is the best. We must listen to easy and understandible content. That builds our confidence. And we must begin to speak when we are prepared only. When we can do this without struggling. It commes authomatically. Believe me. I have done this with Original Effortless English Lessons. It is totally new approach in learning English. It is real language. You can learn English speaking naturally. You can do the same. You can learn American English speaking just like I did.

Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (4,61 kB)

More males than females are affected by alcoholism, but drinking among the young and among women is increasing. Consumption of alcohol is apparently on the rise in the United States, as is the total alcohol consumption and prevalence of alcohol-related problems in the former communist countries of Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union. This increase is paralleled in other countries, including developing nations. After 1980, however, consumption remained relatively stable in many western European nations. Alcoholism, as opposed to merely excessive or irresponsible drinking, has been thought of as a symptom of psychological or social stress or as a learned, maladaptive coping behaviour. More recently, and probably more accurately, it has come to be viewed as a complex disease in its own right. Alcoholism usually develops over a period of years. Alcohol comes to be used more as a mood-changing drug than as a foodstuff or beverage served as a part of social custom or religious ritual. Initially, the alcoholic may demonstrate a high tolerance to alcohol, consuming more and showing fewer adverse effects than others. Subsequently, however, the person begins to drink against his or her own best interests, as alcohol comes to assume more importance than personal relationships, work, reputation, or even physical health. The person commonly loses control over drinking and is increasingly unable to predict how much alcohol will be consumed on a given occasion or, if the person is currently abstaining, when the drinking will resume again. Physical addiction to the drug may occur, sometimes eventually leading to drinking around the clock to avoid withdrawal symptoms. Effects Alcohol has direct toxic as well as sedative effects on the body, and failure to take care of nutritional and other physical needs during prolonged periods of excessive drinking may further complicate matters. Advanced cases often require hospitalization. The effects on major organ systems are cumulative and include a wide range of digestive-system disorders such as ulcers, inflammation of the pancreas, and cirrhosis of the liver. The central and peripheral nervous systems can be permanently damaged. Blackouts, hallucinations, and extreme tremors may occur. The latter symptoms are involved in the most serious alcohol withdrawal syndrome, delirium tremens, which can prove fatal despite prompt treatment. This is in contrast to withdrawal from narcotic drugs such as heroin, which, although distressing, rarely results in death. Recent evidence has shown that heavy—and even moderate—drinking during pregnancy can cause serious damage to the unborn child: physical or mental retardation, or both; a rare but severe expression of this damage is known as foetal alcohol syndrome. HISTORY OF ALCOHOL Thousands of years ago people began to make alcohol for practical reasons. Wine making began with the early Egyptians who found that grape juise spoiled quickly,but that fermented juise or wine would keep without spoiling.They also had problems with impure water,and the Egyptians noticed that people did not sick ower wine,but they often became ill when they drank inpure water.In later years,wine became inportant to the Roman Catholic Church throughuot Europe because wine was used to celebrate the sacrament of the Mass.By the 1300`s,beer industry had emerged in Central Europe.At this time,wine was also continuing to grow in popularity;many brands named for the places in which they originated.At first alcohol was desined for the practical reasons,its use changed.People began to experiment with different types of alcohol.Alcohol became an integral part of European culture.We need to understand the harmful effects of alcohol,because it can be fatal.

Anglų kalba  Kalbėjimo temos   (4,44 kB)

Should alcohol advertising be banned Alcohol advertising is very popular thing. None of alcohol companies do not think what damage they cause. In the first palce, alcohol advetising should be banned, bacause they attract people to drink an alcohol. Nowadays there are a lot of alcoholic. In spite of, alcohol companies advertise alcohol and cause alcoholok incresaing much more. Another major problem for bannig alcohol advertising is fact that this advertising attarct people to drink and it increase the count of sick people who are ill for alcoholism. Alcoholism cause artrophy of cells, weaknes of sight, illnesses of kidneys, liver, stomach, heart and other orgasns. On the other hand, alcohol advertising shouw to people what new alcohol appeared. It help to poeple to choose alcohol, because alcokol is dveretrised very attraktive. In conclusion, I suppose that alcohol companies do not think what a big problem they cause with your alccohol advertising. Alcohol companies think about your benefit only.

Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (4,21 kB)

These people avoid being on busy streets or in crowded stores, theatres and churches. Normal activities become restricted as the person avoids these situations. Many agoraphobia victims are afraid of leaving the house. Perhaps for this reason agoraphobia is the most common phobia seen in the clinic, about 60% of all examined phobias. Agoraphobia occurs about two times more commonly among women than men. It can be connected with the fact, that Women have been and are still being stereotyped, agoraphobia has been explained in terms of traditional sex roles. Clinical descriptions of agoraphobics use such words as passive, shy, dependent, descriptions traditionally applied to women. It may be as Fodor suggests, that being agoraphobic, is in part a logical, although exaggerated, extension of the stereotyped female role. Until recently and still in many societies it has been more acceptable for a woman than for a man to be housebound. As stereotypes of womes as helpless, fragile, home-oriented, passive, fearful and dependent will change, the should be equal number of male-female agoraphobics. The disorder tends to be more common among families where other members also suffer from an anxiety disorder and/or possibly abuse alcohol. Most agoraphobia’s develop symptoms between the ages of 18 and 35. The onset may be sudden or gradual. Many agoraphobia victims develop the disorder after first suffering a series of panic attacks in public places. The attacks seem to occur randomly and without warning, making it impossible for a person to predict what situation will trigger such a reaction. Attack is accompanied with tension, anxiety, dizziness, depression, sweating, more frequent heartbeating, minor checking compulsions – checking is the door is locked, no intruder is under the bed, the iron is offf- rumination and fear of going mad. One study found that 93% of agoraphobics also reported fears of heights and enclosed spaces such as subways and elevators. But many agoraphobics have “good days”, when they can move about. Being with a trusted companion can also help them leave the house. Treatment Fortunately, phobias are very treatable. In fact, most people who seek treatment completely overcome their fears for life. Psychoanalytic approaches. Treatment tries to uncover the repressed conflict, that are thought to be covered in the extreme fear and avoidance. Phobia is thought to protect the person from repressed conflicts that are too painful to face it. There are two major techniques, that are used to help lift the repression. First is – free association. The analyst listen carefully to what tha patient mentions in connections with any references to the phobia. And second – analyst tries to discover origins of the phobia by analyzing the content of dreams. But more effective relief can be gained through either behavior therapy or medication. In behavior therapy, one meets with a trained therapist and learns to control the physical reactions of fear. The person first imagines the feared object or situation, works up to looking at pictures that show the object or situation, and finally actually experiences the situation or comes in contact with the feared object. the person becomes accustomed to it and can lose the terror, horror, panic, and dread he or she once felt. It is called systematic desensitization. Medications are used to control the panic experienced during a phobic situation as well as the anxiety aroused by anticipation of that situation and are the treatment of first choice for social phobia and agoraphobia. Any phobia that interferes with daily living and creates extreme disability should be treated. With proper treatment, the vast majority of phobia patients can completely overcome their fears and be symptom free for years, if not for life.

Anglų kalba  Kalbėjimo temos   (4,72 kB)

From your account of the problem, I am quite sure that your request for the $240 adjustment on the damage to the 2 crates of Valjean Cristal stemware will be granted. A certain amount of breakage of this sort does unavoidably occur in cross-country shipping; I am sorry that it was your company that had to be the one to suffer the delay. I must remind you to keep the damaged crates in the same condition in which you received them until one of our representatives can inspect them. That inspection should take place within 2 weeks. If all is in order, as it sounds to be in your letter, you can expect the full reimbursement within 2 weeks after our representative's inspection. I hope this unfortunate accident will keep you from having merchandise shipped by Green Tree Freight in the future.

Anglų kalba  Kalbėjimo temos   (3,25 kB)

. On both sides of the border, cars and trucks are the main sources for nitric acid(about 40% of the total), while power generating plants and industrial commercial and residential fuel combustion together contribute most of the rest. In the air, the sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides can be transformed into sulphuric acid and nitric acid, and air current can send them thousands of kilometres from the source.When the acids fall to the earth in any form it will have large impact on the growth or the preservation of certain wildlife. NO DEFENCE Areas in Ontario mainly southern regions that are near the Great Lakes, such substances as limestone or other known antacids can neutralize acids entering the body of water thereby protecting it. However, large areas of Ontario that are near the Pre©Cambrian Shield, with quartzite or granite based geology and little top soil, there is not enough buffering capacity to neutralize even small amounts of acid falling on the soil and the lakes. Therefore over time, the basic environment shifts from an alkaline to a acidic one. This is why many lakes in the Muskoka, Haliburton, Algonquin, Parry Sound and Manitoulin districts could lose their fisheries if sulphur emissions are not reduced substantially. ACID The average mean of pH rainfall in Ontario's Muskoka©Haliburton lake country ranges between 3.95 and 4.38 about 40 times more acidic than normal rainfall, while storms in Pennsilvania have rainfall pH at 2.8 it almost has the same rating for vinegar. Already 140 Ontario lakes are completely dead or dying. An additional 48 000 are sensitive and vulnerable to acid rain due to the surrounding concentrated acidic soils.Ô ACID RAIN CONSISTS OF....? Canada does not have as many people, power plants or automobiles as the United States, and yet acid rain there has become so severe that Canadian government officials called it the most pressing environmental issue facing the nation. But it is important to bear in mind that acid rain is only one segment, of the widespread pollution of the atmosphere facing the world. Each year the global atmosphere is on the receiving end of 20 billion tons of carbon dioxide, 130 million tons of suffer dioxide, 97 million tons of hydrocarbons, 53 million tons of nitrogen oxides, more than three million tons of arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel, zinc and other toxic metals, and a host of synthetic organic compounds ranging from polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs) to toxaphene and other pesticides, a number of which may be capable of causing cancer, birth defects, or genetic imbalances. COST OF ACID RAIN Interactions of pollutants can cause problems. In addition to contributing to acid rain, nitrogen oxides can react with hydrocarbons to produce ozone, a major air pollutant responsible in the United States for annual losses of $2 billion to 4.5 billion worth of wheat, corn, soyabeans, and peanuts. A wide range of interactions can occur many unknown with toxic metals. In Canada, Ontario alone has lost the fish in an estimated 4000 lakes and provincial authorities calculate that Ontario stands to lose the fish in 48 500 more lakes within the next twenty years if acid rain continues at the present rate.Ontario is not alone, on Nova Scotia's Eastern most shores, almost every river flowing to the Atlantic Ocean is poisoned with acid. Further threatening a $2 million a year fishing industry. Ô Acid rain is killing more than lakes. It can scar the leaves of hardwood forest, wither ferns and lichens, accelerate the death of coniferous needles, sterilize seeds, and weaken the forests to a state that is vulnerable to disease infestation and decay. In the soil the acid neutralizes chemicals vital for growth, strips others from the soil and carries them to the lakes and literally retards the respiration of the soil. The rate of forest growth in the White Mountains of New Hampshire has declined 18% between 1956 and 1965, time of increasingly intense acidic rainfall. Acid rain no longer falls exclusively on the lakes, forest, and thin soils of the Northeast it now covers half the continent. EFFECTS There is evidence that the rain is destroying the productivity of the once rich soils themselves, like an overdose of chemical fertilizer or a gigantic drenching of vinegar. The damage of such overdosing may not be repairable or reversible. On some croplands, tomatoes grow to only half their full weight, and the leaves of radishes wither. Naturally it rains on cities too, eating away stone monuments and concrete structures, and corroding the pipes which channel the water away to the lakes and the cycle is repeated. Paints and automobile paints have its life reduce due to the pollution in the atmosphere speeding up the corrosion process. In some communities the drinking water is laced with toxic metals freed from metal pipes by the acidity. As if urban skies were not already grey enough, typical visibility has declined from 10 to 4 miles, along the Eastern seaboard, as acid rain turns into smogs. Also, now there are indicators that the components of acid rain are a health risk, linked to human respiratory disease. PREVENTION However, the acidification of water supplies could result in increased concentrations of metals in plumbing such as lead, copper and zinc which could result in adverse health effects. After any period of non©use, water taps at summer cottages or ski chalets they should run the taps for at least 60 seconds to flush any excess debris. Ô STATISTICS Although there is very little data, the evidence indicates that in the last twenty to thirty years the acidity of rain has increased in many parts of the United States. Presently, the United States annually discharges more than 26 million tons of suffer dioxide into the atmosphere. Just three states, Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois are responsible for nearly a quarter of this total. Overall, twoªthirds of the suffer dioxide into the atmosphere over the United States comes from coal©fired and oil fired plants. Industrial boilers, smelters, and refineries contribute 26%; commercial institutions and residences 5%; and transportation 3%. The outlook for future emissions of suffer dioxide is not a bright one. Between now and the year 2000, United States utilities are expected to double the amount of coal they burn. The United States currently pumps some 23 million tons of nitrogen oxides into the atmosphere in the course of the year. Transportation sources account for 40%; power plants, 30%; industrial sources, 25%; and commercial institutions and residues, 5%. What makes these figures particularly distributing is that nitrogen oxide emissions have tripled in the last thirty years. FINAL THOUGHTS Acid rain is very real and a very threatening problem. Action by one government is not enough. In order for things to be done we need to find a way to work together on this for at least a reduction in the contaminates contributing to acid rain. Although there are right steps in the right directions but the government should be cracking down on factories not using the best filtering systems when incinerating or if the factory is giving off any other dangerous fumes.

Anglų kalba  Kalbėjimo temos   (5,54 kB)

I was the first child in the family. Our family is not very big, I have a sister. When I was a child I can't say that I was a good boy. My parents always want me to be a good man, and now I'm very thankful for that. At that time I did not understand that my parents wanted good for me, and I made my mother worry about me very often. I remember about my childhood a lot of things. I know that I met my first friends in kindergarten No.109. I remember the games which we played (my favourite was football). I remember my first girl-friend and the first love (it was about 11 years ago). In 1983 I started school No.22. I was good at all subjects. I liked to go to school. Now my achievements have decreased. My school life is changed too. In school I have a lot of friends, I like my class. I have a hobby. I like photograph. I take and do photos myself. I like this work, because it is very interesting to do that. When I’m doing the photos I always listen to music. Music it's something wonderful. Now I want to say a few words about the future. I'm going to take entrance examinations and the enter university. I would like to study book-keeping or banks ruling.

Anglų kalba  Kalbėjimo temos   (0,83 kB)

Then I’m thinking about that crazy day now, everything looks so funny, but then I felt really especially. The day started as always and my mood was quite sad. I wanted something new, something different, something adventurous. And God listened to my prayers. When I was slowly walking to school I met my old friend Jack, who suggested me going to the cinema in the evening. I thought that it would be an interesting event in my boring routine, so I applied quickly. After that invitation I felt like in the 7th heaven, because I had admired Jack since we met the first time. I was smiling from ear to ear and during all lessons because I thought only about amazing evening, which we were going to have. Also, I told about my happiness to my best friend, who gave me a special advice what to wear and which make-up would look best on me. I was so in a dither, I wanted to make a good impression and couldn’t wait until school ends. When I heard the last bell ringing I felt like I had wings and could fly. I quickly went home to prepare myself for my very first date. First, at home mother suggested eating something hot and stodgy, but I rejected this clever proposal, because I though, that I had no time for that. I looked over my wardrobe, but I couldn’t find anything fit for this occasion. My outfit was old and outworn. Then I looked over my sister’s wardrobe and found a wonderful skirt, which looked stunningly on me. After this dress-rehearsal I put on some make-up and brushed my long black hair. At last I was ready to meet him. In the cinema’s lounge Jack was standing and waiting for me, when I finally arrived with an old slow bus. But when I came up to him, two other girls joined us. At first I couldn’t understand what was happening. But then he said: “Great to see You here, one moment and there will come two my friends!” I was wonder-struck. “Which one of three of us is really with him?” But I stayed in silence. I thought that those were the longest minutes in my life. All was forgotten when I saw them coming. Tommy and Bill were coming slowly, but proudly. They were dressed by latest fashion and looked beautiful. Then I thought: ”What is the difference – Jack or those two?” And until now I and Tommy are together. Maybe it looks like paradox, but it is life – you never know what to expect.

Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (3,75 kB)

It was Christmas Eve and Mrs. Wilson, an elderly woman, was sitting in her rocking chair, listening to Christmas carols on her radio. This was a family tradition that went on for many, many years. Christmas just wasn't Christmas in the Wilson household without listening to carols on the radio. "Oh my!" she sighed. "I'm so lonely. I wish my son, Paul were here to share Christmas with me!" Mrs. Wilson lived alone in a small apartment. This particular Christmas was very rough on her. Normally, Christmas was spent with Paul, his wife Nelly, and their son Johnny. However, this could not happen this Christmas. Paul had lost his wife and son in a car accident earlier that fall. It was a very difficult time for Mrs. Wilson, but especially for Paul. Oh how he had loved his wife and child! A few days ago, Mrs. Wilson had called her son to ask him to join her for Christmas. "Ma, I can't," Paul had told her. "I miss them so terribly. I keep expecting them to show up at the doorstep." "Oh Paul," cried Mrs. Wilson. "I know this is difficult for you, but do you honestly think that you should be alone at a time like this." "I don't know," said Paul. "Right now, yeah, I do think that being alone is the answer." "Well dear," she replied sadly. "If you change your mind, I'll be here." "Thanks Ma," said Paul. "And, Ma, Merry Christmas." "Merry Christmas to you too, son," said Mrs. Wilson. The radio program was just finishing up for the night. Mrs. Wilson, yawning, got up and turned it off. "The radio program just wasn't the same this year," she sighed as she went into her bedroom. "It's just not the same without Paul, Nelly and Johnny. I sure wish Paul would change his mind." Later that night, she was awakened by a strange sound coming from her living room. Quickly, she grabbed her house coat and went to see what was going on. There, standing by the Christmas tree, with his arms full of presents, was Paul. "Oh Paul!" cried Mrs. Wilson. "I'm so glad to see you." She embraced her son as tightly as she could. "I just got to thinking that maybe being alone wasn't the right thing," said Paul. "After all, aren't we supposed to spend Christmas with family." "Yes, dear, we are," said Mrs. Wilson, happily. "I'm so glad you came." "You know," said Paul. "I'm glad I did too." "Can I get you something to eat, Paul?" asked Mrs. Wilson. "I have some apple pie and ice-cream." "Now that sounds good," said Paul. "Come to think of it, I'm starved." Mrs. Wilson dished Paul out a heaping dish full of homemade apple pie and a huge serving of vanilla ice-cream.

Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (4,14 kB)

About languages (apie kalbas) My native language is Lithuania. So he must know its history, grammar, literature spelling. When I was on the fourth form I began to learn the English language. From the very first days I understood that it is very difficult to learn. English, as it has different pronunciation and spelling. If you want to learn new words, grammar, how to form the sentence. It is necessary to know the history, culture, traditions of the country which language, you study. It is very difficult to learn any foreign language when you do not hear it in the street at house. The film which we see on TV are translated into native language and we can’t hear the English language. The English language is very popular in the world and what country you visit you can communicate in England. The role of the foreign languageshas inereased in the last years, as Lithuanian keeps good relations with other European countries and is going to biome a member of European Union and NATO. So every young person must think about his future and the use of the foreign language. The European Union(apie europos sąjungą) The European Union is the European supranational organization dedicated to increasing economic integration and strengthening co-operation among its member states. The European Union was established on November one, nineteen ninety three. The treaty on European Union was ratified by the twelve members of the European community. They were Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxemburg, the Netherlands, Portugal and Spain. The citizen of the European Union countries received the right to immigrate From owe country to another and they got a greater freedom to live, work or study in any of the member states and there were no borders to travel from are European Union State to another. The main body of the European Union is the European Parliament, which is elected by the citizens of the European Union States. The main body works in Strasburg, but most work of its committee is done in Brussels. Finland, Austria and Sweden joined the European Union in nineteen ninety five. In this year May first day Lithuania, Estonia and Latvia will become the members of the European Union. There are seven other countries which will become the members of the European union. They are: Poland, Cheek, Cyprus, Malta, Hungary, Slovakia, and Slovenia. About myself(apie save) My name is Justina and surname is Šaučiūnaitė. I live in Anykščiai in Stoties street No eleven. I was born on the fiveof march nineteen eighty six in Anykščiai. I am eighteen, I am the citizen of Lithuania. I am a schoolgirl and I learn in the twelve form of Antanas Baranauskas secandary school. So I am a school-leaver.I live with my family: father, mather, I have one sister and one brother. All my Familymembers are cathalics.We the memders of our family are very friendly. We celebrate all Lithuanian holidays together. My favourite group is B‘avarija. My favourite singer is Andrius Mamontovas and also every yang person has a favourite pop graup.

Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (17,09 kB)

Z. Oh, this party was pretty cool, but I and My friends were only in official part. I come home at 5 o’clock in the morning and what do you think about this party? M. Oh, this party was not bad but I was only in official part too and after this I with my class-mates went to the garden and celebrated this wonderful festival very well. But in my opinion to do the official part is a serious job. Z. Of course. Planning the 100-Day party was very hard. I and two my friends were responsible for the party. I had to invite primary school teachers. My friends were responsible for making speeches. M. Whose idea was to plan the funny part? Z. I think that this idea belongs to my friend Dainius. M. And who advised him? Z. I don’t now, but I think this part was original and fun. M. And who suggested doing the party decoration of the hall? It was nice. Z. Oh, it was Ramunas idea. But I think that it were a bit boring, because here were no disco. M. Oh, don’t worry, the party was wonderful.

Anglų kalba  Pagalbinė medžiaga   (3,08 kB)

Since the times of Roman Empire, London was one of the greatest commercial and social cities. What makes London famous nowadays is its historical heritage, kept many centuries, and modern buildings, built for the pleasure of the visitor.

Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (1 psl., 4,42 kB)

Around the world, computer hackers illegally access computer systems by taking advantage of system vulnerabilities. In Canada, hackers who access a computer system without authorization commit an offence under section 342.1 of the Criminal Code. Individuals participate in this type of activity for a number of reasons. For example, some hackers are driven by curiosity and others by peer recognition. Some claim that enhanced computer security is their motivation. Others have political motivations and use hacking as a form of activism.

Anglų kalba  Pagalbinė medžiaga   (2 psl., 6,57 kB)

The subjects of this presentation are the origins of American lexicography which will be represented through main problems, bilingual dictionaries, historical development of British and American lexicography, the great works of Noah Webster, also by the lexicographic influences of encyclopaedic dictionary by John Ogilvie and Funk and Wagnall’s standard dictionaries.

Anglų kalba  Referatai   (9 psl., 17,83 kB)

Šio „Marti“ apsakymo veikėjai susiję su buitimi. Čia aiškiai matomi du kaimo požiūriai į buitinį gyvenimą - švara ir betvarkė. Katrė - Driežų dukra. Driežų šeima labai tvarkinga, padori ir pasiturinti. Jonas - Vingių sūnus, gyvenantis labai netvarkingoje, nehigieniškoje šeimoje. Tačiau nepaisant Vingių begalo didelio netvarkingumo ir apsileidimo, Driežas neabejodamas išleido savo dukrą Katrę tekėti už slunkio Vingių Jono.

Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (1 psl., 4,01 kB)

Ką mąsto žmogus, stovėdamas ant aukšto pasatato stogo ir žvelgdamas į nežinomybę, į svaigulį keliantį aukštį, į tą ribą tarp gyvenimo ir mirties? Kas priverčia žmogų išgerti lemtingą tabletę, kuri atveria vartus į slypinčią nežinomybę? Kas pastumėja šokti į gilų vandenį, kuris tartum turėtų nuplauti ir atpirkti mūsų padarytas nuodėmes šiame laikiname pasaulyje.

Anglų kalba  Rašiniai   (5 psl., 14,75 kB)